1)
EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION


Deforestation can have a negative impact on the environment. The most dramatic impact is a loss of habitat for millions of species. Eighty percent of Earth’s land animals and plants live in forests, and many cannot survive the deforestation that destroys their homes.



Deforestation also drives climate change. Forest soils are 1. MOIST, but without protection from sun-blocking tree cover, they quickly dry out. Trees also help perpetuate the water cycle by returning water vapor to the atmosphere. Without trees to fill these roles, many former forest lands can quickly become 2. BARREN deserts.



Removing trees deprives the forest of portions of its 3. CANOPY, which blocks the sun’s rays during the day, and holds in heat at night. This disruption leads to more extreme temperature swings that can be 4. HARMFUL to plants and animals.


Trees also play a critical role in absorbing the greenhouse gases that fuel global warming. Fewer forests means larger amounts of greenhouse gases entering the atmosphere—and increased speed and severity of global warming.



The most 5. FEASIBLE solution to deforestation is to carefully manage forest resources by eliminating clear-cutting to make sure forest environments remain intact. The cutting that does occur should be balanced by planting young trees to replace older trees felled. The number of new tree plantations is growing each year, but their total still equals a tiny fraction of the Earth’s forested land.

Deforastation: desmatamento.
Soil: solo.
Perpetuate: perpetuar; manter.
Role: papel; função.
Former: ex-; não mais. Ex. Fromer students: ex alunos.
Deprive: privar; negar acesso a.
Heat: calor.
Swings: variações; mudanças; flutuação.
Greenhouse: estufa.
Severity: gravidade; severidade.
Manage: gerenciar.
Felled: derrubadas. (Diferente de “fallen”, participio passado de “fall”, que significa “caído”, “felled” é uma forma que indica uma ação externa, porém não necessariamente humana.
Tiny: muito pequena.

Based on the context and structure of the text, what synonyms can be inferred to the words in bold:

Alternativas:

a)
1. damaging / 2. humid / 3. infertile / 4. achievable / 5. cover

b)
1. achievable / 2. infertile / 3. humid / 4. cover / 5. damaging

c)
1. cover / 2. achievable / 3. damaging / 4. humid / 5. infertile

d)
1. infertile / 2. cover / 3. achievable / 4. damaging / 5. humid

e)
1. humid / 2. infertile / 3. cover / 4. damaging / 5. achievable

2)
Extreme heat: If high temperatures, 1. A) ESPECIALLY/ B) DRASTICALLY when combined with high relative humidity, persist for several days (heat waves), and if nighttime temperatures do not drop, extreme heat can 2. A) SLOWLY / B) EASILY be a killer. Of all climate-related projections by scientists, rising temperatures are the most robust. Higher temperatures are also the 3. A) MOST / B) LEAST influenced by human behavior: the 4. A) LESS / B) FEWER heat-trapping emissions we release into the atmosphere, the cooler we can keep our planet. Because winter temperatures are rapidly rising than summer ones, cold-related deaths are likely to decline.



Heat: calor
Humidity: umidade
Several: muitos; vários.
Nighttime: noturno(a)
Drop: cair; diminuir.
Projections: projeções (Diferente de previsões, projeções são baseadas em modelos estatísticos, e não necessariamente vão se confirmer, uma vez que tratam de situação antecipadas a longo prazo.)
Rising: crescente.
Robust: robusto(a)
Behavior: comportamento.
Heat-trapping: armadilha de calor; que retém calor.

Based on the use of adverbs and the context from the text, check A or B for each option, choosing the adverb that best fits each option.

Alternativas:

a)
1. A / 2. A / 3. A / 4. A

b)
1. B / 2. B / 3. B / 4. A

c)
1. B / 2. A / 3. A / 4. B

d)
1. A / 2. B / 3. A / 4. B

e)
1. B / 2. B / 3. B / 4. B